What is the process that makes fabric shinier called?

The process that makes fabric shinier is called mercerizing. This technique involves treating cotton fabric with a sodium hydroxide solution, which enhances the luster of the fabric by modifying the fiber structure. Mercerization not only increases the shine but also improves the dye affinity of the fabric, making colors more vibrant and aiding in color retention.

While finishing is a general term that encompasses a variety of treatments applied to fabrics to enhance their performance and appearance, including processes like softening or water resistance, it does not specifically refer to making a fabric shinier. Calendering, on the other hand, involves passing fabric through heated rollers to smooth and sometimes gloss the surface, but it is distinct from mercerizing, which fundamentally alters the fiber itself. Coating refers to applying a layer of material on the fabric surface to change its properties, often improving water resistance or durability, but this does not inherently increase shine. Thus, mercerizing is specifically recognized for its role in enhancing the sheen of fabrics.