What is the term for the lower layer of thick cowhide that has been split?

The term for the lower layer of thick cowhide that has been split is known as split leather. This term specifically refers to leather produced from the lower portion of a hide after it has been split from the top grain layer. The splitting process separates the top grain, which is the more durable and high-quality layer, from the inner layers. Split leather typically has a suede-like finish and is less expensive than top grain or full grain leather, making it suitable for various products where cost-effectiveness and a certain aesthetic are desired.

Top grain leather refers to the layer above split leather, which retains the outer surface of the hide and is known for its durability and natural grain patterns. Full grain leather, similarly, utilizes the top layer of the hide without any alterations to its grain. Bonded leather, on the other hand, consists of leather scraps and fibers that are bonded together, making it a different category altogether. Understanding these distinctions helps in selecting the right type of leather for specific applications in the apparel and accessories industry.