Which process involves applying tension to fibers to create a dense and smooth fabric?

The process of calendaring involves applying tension to fibers to create a dense and smooth fabric. This technique typically uses large rollers to press and smooth the surface of the fabric, resulting in a finer texture and a more uniform appearance. Calendaring not only enhances the aesthetic qualities of the fabric but can also improve its strength and durability by compacting the fibers.

While brushing involves raising the fibers on the surface to create a softer texture, and bonding connects fabrics together using adhesives or heat, neither of these techniques aims specifically at creating a dense and smooth finish. Finishing, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses various processes, including calendaring, that enhance the properties of fabrics. Therefore, calendaring is the most precise answer for the specific process of applying tension to fibers for a dense and smooth result.